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http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9/sitemap.xsd"><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2025/11/29/did-sasanians-remember-the-achaemenids-or-should-they-have/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/image.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2025-12-01T05:01:25+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2025/08/01/%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%ae-%db%8c%d9%87%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-28.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-27.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-26.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-25.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-24.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-23.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-22.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-21.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-20.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-19.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2025-08-01T10:26:05+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2025/06/21/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b4%da%a9-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7/</loc><lastmod>2025-06-21T19:28:01+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2023/05/20/ferdowsi-as-a-local-historian/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image-4.png</image:loc><image:title>image-4</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image-3.png</image:loc><image:title>image-3</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image-2.png</image:loc><image:title>image-2</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image-1.png</image:loc><image:title>image-1</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image.png</image:loc><image:title>image</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2023-05-20T09:15:03+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2023/05/06/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85%db%8c-%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%ae%db%8c-%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%85%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a8%d9%87-%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b3/</loc><lastmod>2023-05-06T07:27:34+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2023/03/07/peroz-and-narseh-coins-of-post-sasanian-princes-in-balkh/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/image-9.png</image:loc><image:title>image-9</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/image-8.png</image:loc><image:title>image-8</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/image-7.png</image:loc><image:title>image-7</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/image-6.png</image:loc><image:title>image-6</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/image-5.png</image:loc><image:title>image-5</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/image-4.png</image:loc><image:title>image-4</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/image-3.png</image:loc><image:title>image-3</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/image-2.png</image:loc><image:title>image-2</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sasanians560-630-ver3.jpg</image:loc><image:title>sasanians560-630-ver3</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/islamicme.jpg</image:loc><image:title>islamicme</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2023-03-08T23:02:53+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2023/02/06/baraye-a-song-of-protest-and-compassion/</loc><lastmod>2023-02-15T01:31:49+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2023/02/15/how-i-hate-wordpress-gutenberg-editor/</loc><lastmod>2023-02-15T01:27:52+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2022/12/28/zimbabwe-1/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_9374.jpg</image:loc><image:title>img_9374</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_9326.jpg</image:loc><image:title>img_9326</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_9336.jpg</image:loc><image:title>img_9336</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_9349.jpg</image:loc><image:title>img_9349</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_9345.jpg</image:loc><image:title>img_9345</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/bf5f5010-941e-4fa5-945a-5909b7178f3a.jpg</image:loc><image:title>bf5f5010-941e-4fa5-945a-5909b7178f3a</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2022-12-28T22:01:50+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2022/12/06/sasanians-and-early-byzantium-raids-tributes-and-the-loss-of-dara/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dara_1_2010.jpg</image:loc><image:title>dara_1_2010</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2022-12-06T16:50:41+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2022/11/10/perso-centrism-and-the-iranian-national-identity/</loc><lastmod>2022-11-10T14:09:38+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2019/03/12/swift-appraisal-again/</loc><lastmod>2022-11-10T13:37:11+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2020/03/01/new-maps-2/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/earlyislamiran3.jpg</image:loc><image:title>EarlyIslamIran3</image:title><image:caption>Iranian States after the collapse of Abbasid authority (10th century)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/earlyislamiran2.jpg</image:loc><image:title>EarlyIslamIran2</image:title><image:caption>Iranian States after the collapse of Abbasid authority (ca. 860-1100)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/sasanian-kusts.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Sasanian Kusts</image:title><image:caption>Map of Sasanian Administrative divisions</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2020-03-02T18:16:23+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2020/02/27/new-history-article/</loc><lastmod>2020-02-27T19:10:03+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-kingdom-of-hormuz/</loc><lastmod>2020-02-27T18:59:27+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/</loc><lastmod>2020-02-27T18:42:36+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2020/02/16/new-podcast-episode/</loc><lastmod>2020-02-16T22:25:27+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2020/02/01/majles4/</loc><lastmod>2020-02-01T17:21:57+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2019/12/28/the-selfie-king/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/jamnewsimage22384378.jpg</image:loc><image:title>JamNewsImage22384378</image:title><image:caption>Selfie with two women of the Andarun (Harem).</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/nasser-edwardvii.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Nasser-EdwardVII</image:title><image:caption>Nassereddin Shah and a young Prince Bertie (future King Edward VII of Britain) and the Prime Minister, Mirza Mohammad Hossein Khan, Sepahsalar Qazvini...</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/800px-naser_al-din_shah_qajar_close_up_with_slight_smile_by_nadar.jpg</image:loc><image:title>800px-Naser_al-Din_Shah_Qajar,_close_up,_with_slight_smile_by_Nadar</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/d985d984db8cd8acdaa9-d8af.jpg</image:loc><image:title>ملیجک د</image:title><image:caption>Gholamali Khan Aziz os-Soltan, AKA Malijak, as a young man...</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/img_0203.jpg</image:loc><image:title>IMG_0203</image:title><image:caption>On the top "Also in the month of Ramadan(?)"

then on the side: "It was taken in the Andarun, Malijak is in my arms. He has not slept in two nights, and again has the flew. It was taken by Hassanali the Photographer"</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/photo_-_-36.jpg</image:loc><image:title>photo_--_--(36)</image:title><image:caption>Look at the white socks!</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/sick.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Sick</image:title><image:caption>"They took it when I was sick and weak from flu [illegible] not good"</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/drunk.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Drunk</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/chic.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Chic</image:title><image:caption>"the first ten days of Ramadan of 84, Tushghan Eil, in Tehran, I took it myself"

(December 1867/January 1868)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ahar.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Ahar</image:title><image:caption>"Jumadi ath-Thani 1286" (Sept-Oct. 1869)

Then 90 degrees counter clockwise:

"It is taken in Ahar, on the way from Shahrestanak, during the trip to Nour and Kojour.... this is when I was 39 years old"</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-12-28T04:28:17+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/about/</loc><lastmod>2020-08-15T10:41:16+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2019/06/09/new-maps/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/sasanians560-630-2-1.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Sasanians560-630-2</image:title><image:caption>Map of the Sasanian Empire after the destruction of the Hephthalite Kingdom by the Western Turk Empire (ca 560) to the conquests of Khosrow II (602--628)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/iranianhuns.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Iranian Huns</image:title><image:caption>Hephthalites, Alkhans/Alchon, and Nezak Shahs ca 500 CE</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/sasanians-ca550.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Sasanians-ca550</image:title><image:caption>Sasanian Empire and its neighbours in mid Sixth century</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-06-09T15:49:53+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2019/06/03/85599/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/5899d-bact_b04.jpg</image:loc><image:title>5899d-bact_b04</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/empires-of-the-east.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Kingdoms and Empires of East Iran</image:title><image:caption>The extents of the Kingdoms of Indo-Sakas, Indo-Parthians, and Kushans before CE 200</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-06-04T18:16:39+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2019/03/14/writing-from-the-air/</loc><lastmod>2019-03-14T18:52:04+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-sasanian-empire-2/kushano-sasanians/</loc><lastmod>2019-03-14T04:41:18+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2019/03/12/nugae1-ardashir/</loc><lastmod>2019-03-13T04:59:49+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2019/03/12/%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87-%da%af%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%ae/</loc><lastmod>2019-03-12T17:33:59+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2015/10/23/episode-12-one-more-on-cyrus-and-the-origins-of-his-empire/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/cyrus_the_greats_private_palace_at_pasargadae_iran_05-31-2008.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Cyrus_the_Great's_private_palace_at_Pasargadae,_Iran,_05-31-2008</image:title><image:caption>Ruins of one of the palaces in Pasargadae</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/pasargadae_bildergalerie02.jpg</image:loc><image:title>pasargadae_bildergalerie02</image:title><image:caption>Tol-e Takht, the old citadel of Pasargadae</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/pasargadae_aerial_view.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Pasargadae_Aerial_View</image:title><image:caption>View of a part of Pasargadae</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/image23146.jpg</image:loc><image:title>image23146</image:title><image:caption>A Lydian coin... notice that the reverse is just a hollow blank.</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/17-p143left-medium.jpg</image:loc><image:title>17-p143left-medium</image:title><image:caption>A famous vase showing Croesus on his "suicide" pyre...</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/083.jpg</image:loc><image:title>083</image:title><image:caption>A (bit fanciful) map of the conquests of Cyrus.</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-03-12T17:25:04+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2016/03/04/fall-of-the-sasanians/</loc><lastmod>2019-03-12T16:34:27+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/masterlog/</loc><lastmod>2019-03-12T16:31:59+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/other/</loc><lastmod>2020-12-30T17:28:53+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2015/06/12/cyrus-the-great-on-livius/</loc><lastmod>2015-06-12T12:54:43+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2015/06/04/episode-11-the-kingdom-of-anshan-and-cyrus-the-great/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/the-persian-empire.jpg</image:loc><image:title>the persian empire</image:title><image:caption>Map showing the extent of the Achaemenid Empire, with the region of Persis showing in dark green,</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/malian_fig_1.jpg</image:loc><image:title>malian_map</image:title><image:caption>Drawing of the archaeological site of Malyan (Anshan)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cyrus1.jpg</image:loc><image:title>cyrus-painting</image:title><image:caption>This, often presented as "portrait of Cyrus" is nothing but a fanciful drawing, based loosely on...</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cyrus_relief.jpg</image:loc><image:title>cyrus_relief</image:title><image:caption>... this relief at Pasargadae. This is known as the Winged Guardian and is actually a composite image. </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/16_big.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Malyan-Site</image:title><image:caption>Arial view of Malyan</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cyrus_carpet.jpg</image:loc><image:title>cyrus_carpet</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2015-10-12T00:21:30+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2015/05/13/bibliographia-iranica/</loc><lastmod>2015-05-13T18:00:44+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/12/28/episode-10-the-world-that-cyrus-conquered/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/world_500_bce.png</image:loc><image:title>World_500_BCE</image:title><image:caption>The world in the sixth century BCE (a bit idealistic, but gives you some ideas)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/neo-babylonian_empire.png</image:loc><image:title>Neo-Babylonian_Empire</image:title><image:caption>Map of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Nabonidus_cylinder_sippar_bm1</image:title><image:caption>Cylinder of Nabonidus </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/lydia600bceltrite.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Lydia600BCELTrite</image:title><image:caption>A gold coin from Lydia</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/darius_seal.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Achaemenid seal</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2015-05-13T17:51:42+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/bibliography/</loc><lastmod>2014-12-28T20:54:04+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/11/12/episode-9-the-disappearing-kingdom-medes-and-the-median-empire/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/median_empire_map.gif</image:loc><image:title>median_empire_map</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/chaldeamap.gif</image:loc><image:title>chaldeamap</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/6681393_orig.jpg</image:loc><image:title>6681393_orig</image:title><image:caption>Modern, Artist's imagination of the "Hanging Gardens of Babylon"</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2014-12-25T22:10:56+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/09/07/apologies-and-explanations/</loc><lastmod>2014-09-24T19:41:49+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/about/media-appearances/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T07:22:40+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-saffarids/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:50:17+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-qajars/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:45:43+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/anushtiginid-khwarazmshahs/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:38:08+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-afsharids/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:36:08+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-zand-dynasty/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:34:24+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/timurids/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/timur-bust.gif</image:loc><image:title>timur-bust</image:title><image:caption>A well-known, albeit modern, bust of Timur</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/timur.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Timur</image:title><image:caption>Modern bas relief of Timur</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/gur-iamir.jpg</image:loc><image:title>gur-iamir</image:title><image:caption>Gur-i Amir, the Tomb of Timur in Shahr-e Sabz, near Samarqand</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:33:30+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-ilkhans/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:31:18+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-ziyarids/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:25:04+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-seljuqs/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:24:17+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-ghaznavids/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:22:12+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-sasanian-empire-2/hephthalites-and-the-western-turks/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:15:15+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-sasanian-empire-2/iranian-huns/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:08:24+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/hellenistic-minor-kingdoms/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T06:06:53+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-kushan-empire/</loc><lastmod>2016-12-27T09:42:53+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-achaemenid-empire/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-25T05:54:07+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/8744795_1.jpg</image:loc><image:title>8744795_1</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2014-04-24T20:20:20+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/podcast/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-24T20:17:19+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-24T19:55:10+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-seleucids/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/26dcf-empirealexanderhr.jpg</image:loc><image:title>26dcf-empirealexanderhr</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2014-04-24T19:47:49+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-sasanian-empire-2/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/kermanshah-265.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Kermanshah (265)</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2021-11-27T14:56:23+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2013/06/08/introducing-the-podcast/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-23T07:48:16+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/podcast/maps/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/2981374346_d83cec131e.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Relief from Izeh</image:title><image:caption>Middle Elamite relief from Kul-e Farah (Izeh)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/chogha_zanbil_khuzestan_iran_photo_mozhi_memari_2.jpg</image:loc><image:title>chogha_zanbil_khuzestan_iran_photo_mozhi_memari_2</image:title><image:caption>The Ziggurat of Chogha Zanbil</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ziggurat.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Chogha Zanbil</image:title><image:caption>The aerial view of Chogha Zanbil/Al-Untash-Napirisha</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/mesoiranmap.gif</image:loc><image:title>mesoiranmap</image:title><image:caption>Mesopots</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/middle_east_topographic_map-blank-svg.png</image:loc><image:title>Topographic Map of Central and West Asia</image:title><image:caption>Topographic Map of Central and West Asia</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/indo_iranian_migrations.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Indo-Iranian Migrations</image:title><image:caption>A detailed map of the possible migration routes of the Indo-Iranian tribes</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ancient_elam_wm.png</image:loc><image:title>Ancient Mesopotamia</image:title><image:caption>A map showing the location of major ancient polities of Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Egypt</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2015-01-31T18:34:28+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/islamic-caliphate/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/islam_map.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Islam_map</image:title><image:caption>Map of the greatest extent of the Umayyad Caliphate (ca. AD 750)</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2014-04-20T09:05:13+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/about/photo-essay/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/pic5.jpg</image:loc><image:title>pic5</image:title><image:caption>Maerchenwald, Munich, Germany, 1983</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/payam-persheng.jpg</image:loc><image:title>payam-persheng</image:title><image:caption>With my friends, Tehran, I think 1981?</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/montecarlo3.jpg</image:loc><image:title>montecarlo3</image:title><image:caption>Montecarlo, Monaco, 1983, with my sister Mitra and our aunt, Assefeh</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/khazar.jpg</image:loc><image:title>khazar</image:title><image:caption>Iran, Mazandaran, I think 1981</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/greece4.jpg</image:loc><image:title>greece4</image:title><image:caption>Greece, the Island of Spetses, 1987</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/friends3.jpg</image:loc><image:title>friends3</image:title><image:caption>My birthday, I think the 8th one?</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/mom-amooriver.jpg</image:loc><image:title>mom-amooriver</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/parth.jpg</image:loc><image:title>parth</image:title><image:caption>Me and some Parthian bust</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/mitrajoon.jpg</image:loc><image:title>mitrajoon!</image:title><image:caption>My sister Mitra playing princess!</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/miladbox.jpg</image:loc><image:title>miladbox</image:title><image:caption>Milad, as a poor little homeless boy!</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2014-04-20T08:16:55+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/04/15/elamite-names-galore/</loc><lastmod>2014-06-15T20:15:56+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/04/10/episode-8-the-neo-elamite-kingdom/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/humban-kitin.jpg</image:loc><image:title>humban-kitin</image:title><image:caption>Seal of Humban-Kitin, son of Shutruk-Nahhunte II</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/hani-wife.jpg</image:loc><image:title>hani-wife</image:title><image:caption>Hani, the "eastern" Elamite ruler, along with his wife and child, Eshkaft-e Salman, Izeh</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/eshakft.jpg</image:loc><image:title>eshakft</image:title><image:caption>Eshkaft-e Salman in Izeh/Malamir</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/elam-ashurbanipal.jpg</image:loc><image:title>elam-ashurbanipal</image:title><image:caption>Assyrian victory relief of Ashirbanipal, showing Elamites being deported</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/beaker.jpg</image:loc><image:title>beaker</image:title><image:caption>Neo-Elamite beaker, probably from Susa </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/arjan-bowl.jpg</image:loc><image:title>arjan-bowl</image:title><image:caption>the bowl from the Arjan Tomb</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/map-neo-elam.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Map-Neo-Elam</image:title><image:caption>A map of Mesopotamia in the first century BCE</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2014-04-15T07:06:54+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-samanids/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-11T04:04:54+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-safavid-dynasty/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-11T03:55:07+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-buyid-dynasty/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/iran_circa_1000ad.png</image:loc><image:title>Iran_circa_1000AD</image:title><image:caption>Buyids and their neighbours, AD 1000</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2014-04-11T03:43:48+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-land-of-iran-and-early-civilisations/</loc><lastmod>2014-04-11T03:34:44+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-iranian-language-family/</loc><lastmod>2014-03-27T01:58:38+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/nowruz-in-history/</loc><lastmod>2018-08-30T04:15:56+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/01/20/episode-7-indo-europeans-and-indo-iranians/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/godessesbactriaafghanistan2000-1800bce.jpg</image:loc><image:title>GodessesBactriaAfghanistan2000-1800BCE</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ielanguagesmap.jpg</image:loc><image:title>IE Languages</image:title><image:caption>Schematic map of major Indo-European language groups</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/bc3500_andronovoafanasevo_culture.gif</image:loc><image:title>Andronovo-Bmac</image:title><image:caption>Map showing the extent of the Andronovo and BMAC cultures</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2014-03-15T23:19:26+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/01/08/episode-6-the-peoples-and-languages-of-iran-in-the-early-iron-age/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/naram-sin.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Naram-Sin</image:title><image:caption>Stele of Naram-Sin showing his victory over the Lullubi</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2014-11-19T15:57:06+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/01/10/for-further-reading/</loc><lastmod>2014-06-28T18:51:20+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2014/01/09/bibliography/</loc><lastmod>2014-01-10T09:08:21+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2013/12/18/episode-5-the-middle-elamite-kingdom/</loc><lastmod>2013-12-18T08:58:44+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2013/10/12/episode-4-the-sukkalmah/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/mesopotamia_city_states_uruk_elam_larsa_akkad.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Map of Sumer and Elam</image:title><image:caption>Map of the major sites in Elam and Sumer</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/iran-elamite-rock-bas-relief.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Kurangan Relief</image:title><image:caption>the Old Elamite relief at Kurangan</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://iranologie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/elam_cool.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Old Elamite Statue</image:title><image:caption>An Old Elamite statue with Linear Elamite writing</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2013-11-17T07:07:48+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2013/08/22/episode-3-from-pre-history-to-history/</loc><lastmod>2013-08-27T02:25:22+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2013/08/04/episode-2-geography/</loc><lastmod>2015-11-18T02:31:12+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com/2013/07/26/the-first-episode/</loc><lastmod>2013-07-26T15:20:45+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://iranologie.com</loc><changefreq>daily</changefreq><priority>1.0</priority><lastmod>2025-12-01T05:01:25+00:00</lastmod></url></urlset>
